I saw this post and thought I would share it. It represents a pretty good compare and contract model of the 2 different kinds of governments. I took this from here, which is excerpted from A Guide to American Christian Education for the Home and School; the Principle Approach. I don't know anything about this site or book other then what I've pasted here.
The Christian Idea of Man and Government
Christian Idea of Man
INTERNAL (Causative)
1. By the law of God, all mortal men have sinned and need a Savior: man's nature is corrupted.
2. God created individuals with an independent distinct and special value; man is equal before God's law and love.
3. Liberty is first internal and spiritual as God governs man by the Holy Spirit through the "perfect law of liberty." (James 1:25)
4. Christian self-government is God governing by the consent or supernatural response of the governed.
5. As Christ represents saved man before God, so man is God's representative on earth. Christianity is representative in its doctrine and essence.
6. Man exercises all three God-ordained functions of self-government and "shall be judged by the law of liberty." (James 2:12)
7. God's government is by covenant with Christ and man's supernatural voluntary consent. Divine authority is delegated and flows from God to man under God's law.
Christian Idea of Government
EXTERNAL (Effect)
1. Civil government is ordained by God to restrain sinful man and to "praise" or value those that do good.
2. Man is superior to the state he constructs to protect his God-given value. Men are equal before the laws they make.
3. Christian (spiritual) liberty of conscience gave rise to religious, civil, and economic freedom protected by law.
4. Christian civil government is a reflection of Christian self-government and local self-governing homes, churches and communities.
5. Christian civil government is representative of the governmental spirit and form of its constituent homes, churches and schools.
6. The three functions of civil government are separated and limited to "settled, known and established laws" consistent (I would and "and derived from") with God's moral code.
7. Christian civil government is a voluntary compact between consenting citizens; political power flows from self-governing men to elected representatives limited by law.
The Pagan Idea of Man and Government
The Pagan Idea of Man
INTERNAL (Causative)
1. Man is a higher form of animal, a product of evolution.
2. Man is incomplete, having neither a whole nor distinct existence, but is a temporal, passing species having no identity with the past or the future.
3. The stronger of the species survive and adapt.
4. Man appears to move up the chain of sophistication: from polytheism to monotheism, from monotheism to eventual atheism.
5. Man is a social creature and being with the "herd instinct" for his livelihood and security.
The Pagan Idea of Government
EXTERNAL (Effect)
1. Man is governed according to animal, natural, physical instincts.
2. Man is governed according to the moment, the current fashion, the present, without vision and foresight, only to be gradually conditioned to circumstances.
3. Man is governed by a supreme elite in an inequitable society organized to eliminate the weak or nonconformist; he has no liberty of conscience; might makes right by the rule of the majority; society legislates, not representatives under law.
4. Man is governed according to man's primary need: welfare for the physical, material existence in the Welfare State.
5. Man is governed by a search for the benevolent dictator to lead the group or collective, union is by force.